While countries undergo digital transformation, which can include constructing a digital identity system or creating a national digital platform, somewhere along the line questions around data and privacy inevitably, and justifiably, arise. For they are vitally important issues. In Nepal the recent tabling of the Social Media Regulation Bill in the country’s parliament has sparked debate over digital rights. On the one hand the Nepali government argues the bills are necessary to tackle misinformation, cybercrime and threats to national security — but the bills have also caused concern over free speech, privacy and the right to anonymity.

A columnist in The Annapurna Express writes on the Social Media Bill which proposes mandatory identity verification for users on social media and digital platforms. Section 27(2) states that operating a fake or anonymous account to spread misinformation could result in three months imprisonment or a fine of up to NPR 50,000 ($358). The proposal would mean the end of online anonymity on the aforementioned platforms as individuals would be compelled to disclose their personal details, the op-ed argues.

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